2.1 Present Perfect
Using have/has + past participle.
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Present perfectHave/hasPast participle
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Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense connects the past to the present. It's used when past actions are still relevant now.
Form: have/has + past participle
- I have visited London.
- She has eaten breakfast.
- They have finished their homework.
How to Form Present Perfect
Positive:
Subject + have/has + past participle
Negative:
Subject + have/has + not + past participle
- I have not (haven't) seen that movie.
Subject + have/has + past participle
| Subject | have/has | Past participle | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| I/You/We/They | have | visited | I have visited Paris. |
| He/She/It | has | visited | She has visited Paris. |
Negative:
Subject + have/has + not + past participle
- I have not (haven't) seen that movie.
- He has not (hasn't) finished yet.
Question:
Have/Has + subject + past participle?
- Have you ever been to England?
- Has she done her homework?
Past Participles
Regular verbs: add -ed (same as simple past)
- work → worked
- play → played
- visit → visited
- work → worked
- play → played
- visit → visited
Irregular verbs: must be memorized!
| Infinitive | Simple Past | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| be | was/were | been |
| go | went | gone |
| see | saw | seen |
| do | did | done |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| write | wrote | written |
| take | took | taken |
| make | made | made |
| have | had | had |
| come | came | come |
| give | gave | given |
| know | knew | known |
When to Use Present Perfect
Use present perfect for:
1. Life experiences (no specific time)
- I have been to Italy. (sometime in my life)
- She has tried sushi before.
2. Actions that continue to now
- I have lived here for five years. (I still live here)
- They have known each other since childhood.
3. Recent actions with present results
- I have lost my keys. (I still don't have them)
- She has broken her leg. (It's still broken)
4. With "just", "already", "yet"
- I have just finished. (very recently)
- Have you eaten yet? (by now)
- I have already done it. (before now)
Present Perfect vs. Simple Past
Don't confuse them!
Simple past: specific time in the past (finished)
- I went to London last year. ✓
- I have been to London last year. ✗
Present perfect: no specific time, or connected to now
- I have been to London. (sometime, still relevant)
- I went to London. (need more context - when?)
Key words:
| Simple Past | Present Perfect |
|---|---|
| yesterday | ever, never |
| last week/year | already, yet |
| in 2020 | just |
| ago | for, since |
| when | recently |
For and Since
For = duration (how long)
- I have lived here for five years.
- She has been sick for three days.
- They have known each other for ages.
- I have lived here for five years.
- She has been sick for three days.
- They have known each other for ages.
Since = starting point (when it began)
- I have lived here since 2019.
- She has been sick since Monday.
- They have known each other since childhood.
Remember:
- For + period of time (minutes, hours, days, weeks, years)
- Since + point in time (a date, a day, an event)
✏️Example: Using Present Perfect
Choose the correct tense:
1. I (saw/have seen) that movie three times.
2. She (went/has gone) to school yesterday.
3. They (lived/have lived) here since 2018.
1. I have seen that movie three times.
→ Experience (no specific time mentioned)
2. She went to school yesterday.
→ Specific time ("yesterday")
3. They have lived here since 2018.
→ Action continuing to the present (with "since")
📝Oppgave 1
Which sentence uses present perfect correctly?
📝Oppgave 2
Choose the correct word: "I have studied English ___ five years."
📝Oppgave 3
Write the past participle of these verbs:
a
go
b
eat
c
write
d
play
e
see
📝Oppgave 4
Fill in "for" or "since":
a
I have known her ___ 2015.
b
We have waited ___ two hours.
c
She has worked here ___ January.
d
They have been friends ___ many years.
📝Oppgave 5
Choose simple past or present perfect and complete the sentences:
a) I __ (never/try) Indian food.
b) She _ (visit) her grandmother last weekend.
c) _ you _ (finish) your homework yet?
d) They __ (move) to Oslo in 2020.
a
I ___ (never/try) Indian food.
b
She ___ (visit) her grandmother last weekend.
c
__ you __ (finish) your homework yet?
d
They ___ (move) to Oslo in 2020.